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2008/12 - Martinbehrens’s Weblog [Turkey is by far not ready to become a member of the European Union. Intensified reform efforts are needed to meet all the requirements of the Copenhagen Criteria.]

Istanbul, Cappadocia, The Hellespont, Çanakkale, Troy, Kusadasi, Ephesus, Selçuk, Pamukkale, Priene, Miletus, Didyma, etc.

In that year, orders of dervishes throughout the country were suppressed. The founder of modern Turkey, Kemal Ataturk, had no use for the orientalizing fantasies that the dervishes evoked in foreign travelers. To him they symbolized the embarrassing backwardness of an empire that seemed mired in superstition and ritual. Ataturk closed the tekkes where dervishes were trained, and made the propagation of their mystic texts illegal. Remarkably, the technique of whirling survived in the memories of a few elderly men who had been dervishes in their youth. Beginning in the 1950's, when Turkey, in the name of preserving traditional culture, relaxed the ban on whirling, those who had been dervishes passed on their hoarded memories to the devotees who now whirl as true dervishes did for almost 700 years.

A Flourishing Of Whirling Dervishes - New York Times

The first historical text to mention the Turks was from the standpoint of the Chinese, who mentioned trade of Turk tribes with the Sogdians along the Silk Road.[12] The Xiongnu mentioned in Han Dynasty records may have been Proto-Turkic speakers,[13][14][15][16][17] followed by the Hun hordes of Attila that tried to conquer Europe.[18][19] On the other hand, recent genetics research dated 2003[20] confirms the studies indicating that the Turkic people originated from the same area and therefore are possibly related with the Xiongnu.[21]

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